The Millennium Development Goals and the International Development Agenda -
TVP Manual - Section 1:Informing
and Setting the Vision -
see Manuals
General Index
Although the world economy and security have become highly interconnected and
the well being of each nation has a quick impact on the others, the nations
are little prepared to work as a team in addressing the global issues.
Although nations interact in a global village, they relate among themselves
with inadequate spirit of solidarity.
The MDG 8 is
about promoting a healthy cooperation environment amongst nations. By making
economic and political relationships fairer and dialogic, it will become
possible to reduce the factors generating poverty and ignorance.
Only a fraction of the funds pledged by the UN member states for achieving the
MDG goals has been provided for actions against poverty.
However, non-government organizations, the private sector and a number of
developing countries are increasingly becoming significant sources of
development assistance.
A vast majority of people are opening up to curiosity about global issues and
to learning from others. Today, there is greater acceptance and space also for
culturally and socially diverse communities to enter into more peaceful and
reciprocally fair relationships with each other.
Graphs
MDG
8 - Targets
Target 8.A:
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory
trading and financial system (Includes a commitment to good governance,
development and poverty reduction - both nationally and internationally
Target 8.B:
Address the special needs of the least developed countries (Includes:
tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' exports;
enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)
and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for
countries committed to poverty reduction)
Official
development assistance (ODA)
- 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least
developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors' gross national
income
- 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral,
sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic
education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation)
- 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official
development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied
- 8.4 ODA received in landlocked
developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes
- 8.5 ODA received in small island
developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes
Target 8.C:
Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small
island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the
Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome
of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)
Market access
- 8.6 Proportion of total developed
country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries
and least developed countries, admitted free of duty
- 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by
developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing
from developing countries
- 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for
OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product
- 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to
help build trade capacity
Target 8.D:
Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries
through national and international measures in order to make debt
sustainable in the long term
Debt
sustainability
- 8.10 Total number of countries that
have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached
their HIPC completion points (cumulative)
- 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC
and MDRI Initiatives
- 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of
exports of goods and services
Target 8.E: In
cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable
essential drugs in developing countries
- 8.13 Proportion of population with
access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis
Target 8.F: In
cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially information and communications
- 8.14 Telephone lines per 100
population
- 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100
population
- 8.16 Internet users per 100
population
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Hard Facts
- Today, least developed countries
benefit from preferential tariffs, especially on agricultural products
(1.6% as opposed to 8% for other developing countries);
- 40% of Fixed Domestic Investment from
countries of the South goes to highly vulnerable least developed
countries, many of which are just emerging from conflict;
- The proportion of developed
country imports, excluding arms and oil, from developing countries has
increased from 54% in 1998 to 80% in 2008;
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Hard Facts
- Least developed countries receiving
about a third of donors’ total aid flows.
- For most donor countries, aid remains
well below the United Nations target of 0.7 per cent of gross national
income;
- Net disbursements of Official
Development Assistance (ODA) reaching almost $120 billion in 2009,
increasing by 0.7% as compared to 2008;
- It is estimated that Africa will
receive only about $11 billion out of the $25 billion increase promised
in 2005 in Gleneagles;
- In terms of aid volume, the largest
donors in 2009 were the United States, France, Germany, the United
Kingdom and Japan; Only five donor countries have reached the UN target
for official aid: Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and
Sweden;
- UN Conference on South-South
Cooperation (2009, Nairobi) demonstrated that cooperation among
developing countries, through aid, trade, technical assistance and
investment, is playing a prominent role in progress on the Millennium
Development Goals;
- A new North-South consensus on
development, overcoming previous rifts, took shape at the International
Conference on Financing for Development in 2002, in Mexico;
- The GAVI Alliance (Global Alliance
for Vaccines and Immunization), a public-private global health
partnership that includes WHO, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the
World Bank, is working to accelerate access to vaccines, strengthen
immunization systems and introduce innovative new immunization
technologies.
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Hard Facts
- 40 countries qualify for debt relief
under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative
- 35 of them have had future debt
repayments reduced by $57 billion, and 28 have received additional
assistance of $25 billion;
- Since existing major debt relief
initiatives are coming to an end, a number of low-income and small
middle-income countries are in or at risk of debt distress.
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Hard Facts
- Approximately 4.6 billion people had
access to mobile phones by the end of 2009 (One mobile phone
subscription for 67 out of every 100 people);
- In sub-Saharan Africa, where only 1
per cent of people have access to fixed telephone lines, more than 30%
now have access to mobile phones;
- Mobile penetration, in the developing
world, had passed the 50% mark by the end of 2009;
- Although access to the World Wide Web
is still closed to the majority of the world’s people, by the end of
2008, 1.6 billion people, or 23% of the world population, were using the
Internet;
- A large gap separates those with
high-speed Internet connections, mostly in developed nations, and
dial-up users;
- Only 1 in 6 people are online. In
Southern Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa, a mere 6 % of people had
Internet access.
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Other
Information
See www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2011_Gap_Report/11-38394%20(E)%20MDG%20Gap%20Report%202011_WEB%20NEW.pdf.
The present
report was prepared by the MDG Gap Task Force, created by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations to improve the monitoring of MDG
8. More than 20 United Nations agencies are represented on the Task Force,
including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the World
Trade Organization.
The United
Nations Development Programme and the Department of Economic and Social
Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat act as lead agencies in
coordinating the work of the Task Force. With only four years remaining
in which to achieve the key targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
most of the world’s Heads of State and Government came to the United
Nations in September 2010 to take stock of progress made thus far. Despite
significant setbacks owing to the 2008-2009, global economic crisis and
surges in food and energy prices, it seems that the developing world as a
whole will reach many of the MDGs. However, some countries and regions are
not on track to reach the goals and require intensified efforts to reduce
poverty and child and maternal mortality rates and to improve access to
drinking water and sanitation. The objective of MDG 8 is to assist all
developing countries in achieving the goals through a strengthened global
partnership for international development cooperation. The present report
describes how that partnership is producing significant results on many
fronts but also notes that many important gaps between expectations and
delivery remain.
At the High-level
Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) (the “MDG summit”), which was held from 20 to 22 September
2010, Governments committed themselves to strengthening the global
partnership in order to “keep the promises” to the peoples of the world,
particularly the poorest among them. However, many countries now need to
devote substantial additional resources to MDG-related programmes to
overcome the effects of the global recession; in some cases, as much as
1.5 per cent of their annual gross domestic product (GDP) is required.
To underscore the importance of the promised cooperation in realizing the
MDGs by 2015, the United Nations is setting up an enhanced
monitoring mechanism to provide greater accountability for delivery on the
commitments to the global partnership for development among all
stakeholders. To be called the Integrated Implementation Framework (IIF),
the proposal is expected to be operational by the end of 2011.At the same
time, it has become increasingly recognized that, in our highly
decentralized international system, greater coherence is needed
among policies on aid, trade, finance, employment and the environment.
With commitments made at so many international forums and meetings, it is
essential hat these policies and other efforts complement one another in a
coherent manner and that they not work at cross purposes.
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Episode 8 - MDG 8: Develop a Global
Partnership for Development